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NUC970系列资料之NuWriter使用举例
一 烧写到Nand Flash1.1 相关文件说明
BSP版本：nuc970bsp-release-20150519.zip
NuWriter版本：2015/04/28-V01，nuvoTon Nu-Writer V1.0
烧写文件：
u-boot-spl.bin：负责将u-boot.bin从Nand flash搬到DDR中执行。默认执行地址：0x200，可修改。
u-boot.bin：u-boot程序，默认执行地址：0xE00000，在nand flash中的烧写地址：0x100000。
env.txt：u-boot环境变量，在Nand Flash中的烧写地址：0x80000。
970image.ub：Linux kernel。加载地址：0x7fc0；执行地址：0x8000；烧写地址：0x200000，可变要与u-boot环境参数一致，bootcmd=nboot 0x7fc0 0 0x200000;bootm 0x7fc0。
1.2 烧写举例
1.烧写u-boot-spl.bin
Image Type：uBoot型
Image execute address: 0x200
2. 烧写 u-boot.bin
Image Type：Data型
Image start offset： 0x100000
3. 烧写U-Boot环境变量env.txt
Image Type：Environment型
Image start offset： 0x80000
4. 烧写kernel
Image Type：Data型
Image start offset： 0x200000
5.烧写yaffs2文件系统
1)制作yaffs2文件系统
mkyaffs2 -inband-tags -p 2048 rootfs rootfs_yaffs2.img
2)烧写yaffs2文件系统
内核配置
取消RAM文件系统设定
内核配置文件系统加载nand flash的yaffs2文件系统
Boot options --->
(noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=yaffs2 rootflags=inband-tags console=ttyS0,115200n8 rdinit=/sbin/init mem=64M)) Default kernel command string
Kernel command line type (use bootloader arguments if available) ---
配置yaffs2文件系统支持
Mtd nand flash设置
4)u-boot启动设置
set bootcmd nboot 0x7fc0 0 0x200000\;bootm 0x7fc0
6 ubi文件系统使用
1)制作ubi文件系统
mkfs.ubifs -F -x lzo -m 2048 -e 126976 -c 732 -o rootfs_ubifs.img -d ./rootfs
ubinize -o ubi.img -m 2048 -p 131072 -O 2048 -s 2048 rootfs_ubinize.cfg
rootfs_ubinize.cfg 內容如下：
[rootfs-volume]
mode=ubi
image=rootfs_ubifs.img
vol_id=0
vol_size=92946432
vol_type=dynamic
vol_name=system
vol_flags=autoresize
2) 配置linux内核
设置nand flash驱动
注意command line partition table parsing项：
如果选择该项,则启动参数中需设置mtdparts信息，如下：
noinitrd ubi.mtd=2 root=ubi0:system rw rootfstype=ubifs console=ttyS0,115200n8 rdinit=/sbin/init mem=64M mtdparts=nand0:0x200000@0x0(u-boot),0x1400000@0x200000(kernel),-(user)
如果没有选中该选项，则使用linux下nand flash驱动中的分区。开机文件系统参数可以不设置mtdparts信息，如下：
noinitrd ubi.mtd=2 root=ubi0:system rw rootfstype=ubifs console=ttyS0,115200n8 rdinit=/sbin/init mem=64M
取消RAM根文件系统设定
设置开机文件系统参数
开机文件系统参数的设置可以在u-boot的环境变量中设置bootargs变量，如下：
bootargs=noinitrd ubi.mtd=2 root=ubi0:system rw rootfstype=ubifs console=ttyS0,115200n8 rdinit=/sbin/init mem=64M mtdparts=nand0:0x200000@0x0(u-boot),0x1400000@0x200000(kernel),-(user)
也可以在linux在linux内核中配置，具体如下：
UBI文件系统设置：
3)烧写ubi文件系统到nand flash
Bsp中ubi默认放在nand的第三个分区，地址为0x1600000。镜像类型选择data型，如下图所示：
4)u-boot启动设置
set bootcmd nboot 0x7fc0 0 0x200000\;bootm 0x7fc0
ubi文件系统加载问题及原因：
问题1：打印如下错误信息
UBI error: ubi_init: UBI error: cannot initialize UBI, error -19
UBIFS error (pid 1): ubifs_mount: cannot open "ubi0.system", error -22
原因：分区信息没有传递给内核。
解决方法：
方法1：启动的文件系统参数中加入mtd的分区信息，即加入mtdparts变量信息。
方法2：使用linuxi下nand flash驱动中的分区。
二 烧写到spi flash
2.1 说明
u-boot.bin：u-boot程序，默认执行地址：0xE00000，在spi flash中的烧写地址：0x0。
env.txt：u-boot环境变量，在spi Flash中的烧写地址：0x80000。
970image.ub：Linux kernel。加载地址：0x7fc0；执行地址：0x8000；烧写地址：0x100000，可变要与u-boot环境参数一致，
set bootcmd sf probe 0 18000000\;sf read 0x7fc0 0x100000 0x600000\;bootm 0x7fc0
2.2 烧写举例
1.烧写 u-boot.bin
Image Type：uBoot型
Image execute address: 0xE00000
2. 烧写U-Boot环境变量env.txt
Image Type：Environment型
Image start offset： 0x80000
3. 烧写kernel
Image Type：Data型
Image start offset： 0x100000
4. 烧写jffs2文件系统
1)制作jffs2文件
mkfs.jffs2 -e 0x10000 -p 0x400000 -l -d rootfs -o rootfs.jffs2
烧写文件系统到相应的地址
烧写地址由mtd分区决定
2)修改mtd分区
arch/arm/mach-nuc970/dev.c
static struct mtd_partition nuc970_spi0_flash_partitions[] = {
{
.name = "u-boot",
.size = 512 * 1024,
.offset = 0,
},
{
.name = "u-boot env",
.size = 512 * 1024,
.offset = MTDPART_OFS_APPEND,
},
{
.name = "kernel",
.size = 4 * 1024 * 1024,
.offset = MTDPART_OFS_APPEND,
},
{
.name = "rootfs",
.offset = MTDPART_OFS_APPEND,
.size = MTDPART_SIZ_FULL,
},
};
3). 修改内核配置
取消RAM根文件系统设定
设置kernel boot command
Boot option-->
(root=/dev/mtdblock3 rw rootfstype=jffs2 console=ttyS0,115200n8 rdinit=/sbin/init mem=64M) Defaut
Kernel command line type (Use bootloader kernel arguments if available) --->
Enable mtd及jffs2文件系统
4)设置u-boot启动参数
set bootcmd sf probe 0 18000000\;sf read 0x7fc0 0x100000 0x200000\;bootm 0x7fc0
sa
遇到的问题及解决方法:
1.使用en25qh256时,不能挂载成功,出现如下打印信息:
jffs2: Further such events for this erase block will not be printed
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01ae0000: 0xe807 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01ae0004: 0xe2bb instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01ae0008: 0x0013 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01ae000c: 0xe1fc instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01ae0010: 0xffff instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01ae0014: 0xe000 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01ae0018: 0x2fff instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01ae001c: 0x2d40 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01ae0020: 0x9f00 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01ae0024: 0xff94 instead
jffs2: Further such events for this erase block will not be printed
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01af0000: 0x8330 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01af0004: 0xd420 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01af0008: 0x8330 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01af000c: 0xd420 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01af0010: 0x8330 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01af0014: 0xd420 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01af0018: 0x9320 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01af001c: 0xa000 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01af0020: 0xa000 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x01af0024: 0xbd80 instead
jffs2: Further such events for this erase block will not be printed
jffs2: Cowardly refusing to erase blocks on filesystem with no valid JFFS2 nodes
jffs2: empty_blocks 0, bad_blocks 0, c->nr_blocks 432
mount: mounting /dev/mtdblock3 on /mnt failed: Input/output error
这个是因为flash 大小大于16MB需要切换到4-byte address mode,但set_4byte函数没有切换.修改下面代码:
/*
* Enable/disable 4-byte addressing mode.
*/
static inline int set_4byte(struct m25p *flash, u32 jedec_id, int enable)
{
switch (JEDEC_MFR(jedec_id)) {
case CFI_MFR_MACRONIX:
case 0xEF /* winbond */:
flash->command[0] = enable ? OPCODE_EN4B : OPCODE_EX4B;
return spi_write(flash->spi, flash->command, 1);
default:
/* Spansion style */
flash->command[0] = OPCODE_BRWR;
flash->command[1] = enable << 7;
return spi_write(flash->spi, flash->command, 2);
}
}
增加case CFI_MFR_EON: /* cFeon */,这样就可以支持cFeon的flash了。修改后的代码如下：
/*
* Enable/disable 4-byte addressing mode.
*/
static inline int set_4byte(struct m25p *flash, u32 jedec_id, int enable)
{
switch (JEDEC_MFR(jedec_id)) {
case CFI_MFR_MACRONIX:
case 0xEF /* winbond */:
case CFI_MFR_EON: /* cFeon */
flash->command[0] = enable ? OPCODE_EN4B : OPCODE_EX4B;
return spi_write(flash->spi, flash->command, 1);
default:
/* Spansion style */
flash->command[0] = OPCODE_BRWR;
flash->command[1] = enable << 7;
return spi_write(flash->spi, flash->command, 2);
}
}
能够挂载成功,但出现如下打印信息:
jffs2: Node at 0x00211fac with length 0x0000008b would run over the end of the erase block
jffs2: Perhaps the file system was created with the wrong erase size?
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x00212000: 0x6565 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x00212004: 0x7420 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x00212008: 0x6562 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x0021200c: 0x736e instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x00212010: 0x6c6c instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x00212014: 0x6920 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x00212018: 0x6c0a instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x0021201c: 0x6964 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x00212020: 0x2f27 instead
jffs2: jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): Magic bitmask 0x1985 not found at 0x00212024: 0x2f63 instead
jffs2: Further such events for this erase block will not be printed
修改spi flash属性
{ "en25qh256", INFO(0x1c7019, 0, 64 * 1024, 512, SECT_4K) },
=>
{ "en25qh256", INFO(0x1c7019, 0, 64 * 1024, 512, 0) },
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